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From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (05 January 2017) [foldoc]:
fully associative cache
A type of cache in which data from any
address can be stored in any cache location. The whole address
must be used as the tag (the value that identifies a block of data
in the cache). All tags must be compared simultaneously
(associatively) with the requested address and if one matches then
its associated data is accessed. This requires an {associative
memory} to hold the tags which makes this form of cache more
expensive. It does however solve the problem of contention for
cache locations (cache conflict) since a block need only be
flushed when the whole cache is full and then the block to flush
can be selected in a more efficient way.
The alternatives are direct mapped cache or {set associative
cache}.
(2013-08-09)